List of the Lepidoptera of Black Sturgeon Lake, Northwestern Ontario, and Dates of Adult Occurrence

From May to September each year from 1960 through 1968, a collection of Lepidoptera was made at Black Sturgeon Lake, northwestern Ontario, from speci­ mens captured in a light trap and from specimens netted during the day. A total of 564 species was recorded from 70 families. A list of the species with dates of capture is presented

Bounding quantum gate error rate based on reported average fidelity

Remarkable experimental advances in quantum computing are exemplified by recent announcements of impressive average gate fidelities exceeding 99.9% for single-qubit gates and 99% for two-qubit gates. Although these high numbers engender optimism that fault-tolerant quantum computing is within reach, the connection of average gate fidelity with fault-tolerance requirements is not direct. Here we use reported average gate fidelity to determine an upper bound on the quantum-gate error rate, which is the appropriate metric for assessing progress towards fault-tolerant quantum computation, and we demonstrate that this bound is asymptotically tight for general noise. Although this bound is unlikely to be saturated by experimental noise, we demonstrate using explicit examples that the bound indicates a realistic deviation between the true error rate and the reported average fidelity. We introduce the Pauli distance as a measure of this deviation, and we show that knowledge of the Pauli distance enables tighter estimates of the error rate of quantum gates.Comment: New Journal of Physics Fast Track Communication. Gold open access journa

Examining professionals' and parents' views of using transanal irrigation with children: Understanding their experiences to develop a shared health resource for education and practise

Irrigation as a bowel management approach has been reportedly used with children for more than 20 years. Parents managing their child's chronic bowel problem have previously been shown to have increased emotional stress. The aim of this study was to explore professionals' (n = 24) understanding and parents' (n = 18) experiences of using transanal irrigation with children at home as a mid to longer term bowel management approach. This study was underpinned by action research methodology and used mixed methods determined by an action research group of parents, professionals, researchers, a voluntary sector worker, commercial representative and independent observer. Data informed the study outcome which was the development and evaluation of a shared health resource to support professionals in their holistic approach when prescribing transanal irrigation and guide parents in the areas of education, management, problem solving, support and goal setting. The resource includes constructed case studies from parents of their experiences to inform choice and decision-making between parents and professionals. The shared health resource provides an approach to initiating and evaluating transanal irrigation and is available in a paper format from key Internet sites across hospital, community and voluntary services

Remote Preparation and Distribution of Bipartite Entangled States

We prove a powerful theorem for tripartite remote entanglement distribution protocols that establishes an upper bound on the amount of entanglement of formation that can be created between two single-qubit nodes of a quantum network. Our theorem also provides an operational interpretation of concurrence as a type of entanglement capacity.Comment: 5 pages, to appear in the Physical Review Letter